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Vyhodnocení reprodukce a mléčné užitkovosti v konvenčním a ekologickém chovu dojnic
Širůčková, Karolína
In this thesis the evaluation of selected reproductive and performance parameters in conventional and organic breeding of Czech fleckvieh cattle was solved. The herd of breeding cows from AZOS, Ltd. Zakřany farm was chosen as the conventional farm and Ekofarma Branná was chosen as the organic farm. The research found, that the age of heifers at their first calving was significantly higher in the organic farm (43 x 26 months). The length of the intercalving period was higher in the conventional farm (387 x 338 days). Much more difficult births occurred in the conventional farm. The type of farming also had a great influence on the milk yield, which was much higher in the conventional farm (32 x 12 kg of milk), as well as higher protein content (3.59 x 3.22 %), lactose content (4.92 x 4.68 %) and non-fatty solids (9.21 x 8.63 %). The organic farm had higher average fat content (4.04 x 3.77 %), fatty acid level (1.05 x 0.59 nmol/100g fat) and somatic cell count (261 x 175 K/ml). In contrary, there was no evidence of an effect of the breeding method on the following parameters: number and sex of calves born, calving ratio of cows and heifers, proportion of multiple births and stillbirths, urea, casein, citric acid, acetone and ketone content.
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Vliv teploty ve stáji na mléčnou užitkovost a pohybovou aktivitu holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Vaňkátová, Eliška
The thesis deals with the effect of temperature in the barn on milk yield and locomotor activity of Holstein dairy cattle in a selected breeding system. The evaluation of milk performance was represented by the average daily milk yield, milk components content, namely fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and urea content. The literature review discusses the history, characteristics and breeding objective of the breed under study. It also describes the stall environment, heat stress and ways of eliminating it. Dairy performance, locomotor activity and the factors influencing them are also described. Data collection was carried out on the Vadín dairy farm in the Vysočina region. Thirty Holstein, calved within 4 weeks during the January and February. Cows were monitored for one year. The results do not show that the average daily temperature had a negative effect on the average daily milk yield. On the other hand, the effect of average daily temperature on the individual milk components was confirmed. As the average daily temperature increased, the fat, protein and urea content of the milk decreased, while the lactose content increased. The dependence of the number of somatic cells in milk on the average daily temperature was not confirmed. Also, the dependence of physical activity on average daily temperature was very weak.
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Vliv stájového mikroklimatu a intenzity osvětlení na mléčnou užitkovost a reprodukci holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Fábry, Ivan
This bachelor thesis focuses on stable microclimate and lighting intensity and their effect on milk yield and reproduction parameters of cattle. The literature review was focused on the parameters of the stable microclimate, milk yield and reproduction of cattle and the factors that influence them. In the practical part was evaluated the correlation between temperature, lighting intensity and parameters of milk yield (milk quantity and composition) and reproduction (length of service period, percentage of pregnancy). The data presented in the practical part of the bachelor thesis come from a specific farm in the Zlín region. Temperature and light intensity were measured by Minikin RTi/QTi sensor, which was placed in the selected stable. The data were continuously downloaded and analysed by mathematical and statistical methods to evaluate the correlation between the measured data and the parameters of milk yield and reproduction.
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Vztah bezrohosti k mléčné užitkovosti u plemene český strakatý skot
Buřvalová, Michaela
This thesis studies the influence of polledness on parameters of milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle population. In theoretical section it gives an overview of current findings in the areas of anatomy, ontogenesis and genetics of polled and hor-ned phenotype, milk production and Czech fleckvieh breed. Then in practical section of this thesis, an evaluation of the phenotype (horned/polled and phenotypic deviations associated with polledness). Furthermore, the methodology of laboratory detection of mutations causing hornlessness (PCR + ELFO and Sanger sequencing) was optimized and carried out. This combination of polledness testing methods has proven to be effective so a relatively simple and cheap test to detect polledness in the Fleckvieh breed was designed. This test is suitable for further testing on a larger group of anima-ls. Second part of the practical section is devoted to statistical analysis (one-factor ANOVA and GLM) of dependency of milk production parameters (milk yield [kg of milk] fat content [%], protein content [%]) on polled genotype. Results of these analy-ses show, that polledness probably does not have a direct negative effect on milk yield and fat content in milk. However, the negative influence of polledness could not be refuted for the protein content parameter.
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Vliv různých zdrojů dusíkatých látek na užitkovost a metabolismus dojnic
Lužová, Veronika
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the level of nutrition of dairy cows in a selected agricultural enterprise with a subsequent experiment in the form of the change in the representation of soy, oilseed rape and sunflower in the protein concentrate, which is the part of the ration of dairy cows. The experiment took place in Bohuňovice s.r.o. in 2022, where the feed ration was adjusted to four months in the form of a change in the composition of the protein concentrate (before the change the representation of 60 % soybean and 30,8 % oilseed rape extracted meal and after the change 45,8 % oilseed rape, 30 % soya and 15 % sunflower extracted meal). The experiment was focused on dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion, where milk yield and selected milk components were evaluated every month. Afterwads the effect of changing the feed ration on the productivity of dairy cows and selected milk components was evaluated. Afterwards the economic indicators of the adjusted feed ration were evaluated. During the experiment it was found, that the feed ration corresponded to the nutrient needs of dairy cows in the first stage of lactasion but showed a lack of nitrogenous substances and energy in the summer months. The average daily milk yield decreased slightly inconclusively at the end of the experiment, but the adjusted feed ration had no demonstrable effect on the productivity of dairy cows. Afterwards it was found that the adjusted feed ration has a statistically demonstrable effect on increasing the content of fat, protein, urea and free fatty acids in the milk. The results showed that modified ration had an optimal amount of energy and nitrogen substances and after increasing the proportion of oilseed rape and reducing the proportion of soya and including sunflower extracted meal, the ration had a more balanced content of nitrogen substances, evaluated according to the concentration of urea in the milk and there was an increase in the main of milk components (protein, fat).
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
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Analýza délky struků u českého strakatého skotu
Sečkař, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of teat length in first-calf heifers of Czech Fleckvieh cattle. The measured teat length is here evaluated and related to other selected indicators of exterior and milk yield in the selected group of first-calf heifers. The work also compares the values of the measured teat lengths with the estimated values of the exterior evaluator from the official evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers. In connection with teat length, an analysis of the used bulls and lines in breeding is carried out here. In this experiment were measured 121 first-calf heifers. The average length of hind teats was 3.4 cm and fore teats 4.52 cm. The measured values were statistically significantly different from the official teat length estimate, the teat lengths indicated by the exterior evaluator were on average 0.24 cm higher. It can also be stated that the front teats were on average 1.2 cm longer than the rear teats. The correlation between fore and hind teat length was 0.73. No statistically significant influence of the level of milk yield on the length of the front and back teats was observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant influence of the sire effect (p <0.01) on the length of the front teats was observed. Chest circumference also had a statistically significant (p <0.05) effect on the length of the front and back teats. Dairy cows with a larger chest circumference had longer teats. In conclusion, it can be stated that milk productivity is not related to the length of the teats, the father's influence appears to be essential, so the farmer can solve the problem of short teats in his herd especially by using suitable bulls with regard to the breeding value for teat length.
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Nové trendy v konzervaci objemných krmiv a jejich vliv na produkci mléka dojnic
DOUBEK, Martin
Cow's milk plays an important role in human nutrition and is one of the main products of the dairy industry. Its composition changes in response to various factors including forage. The quality of roughage is one of the important aspects for the nutrition and health of dairy cows and milk productivity itself. The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess two forages, grass hay and rye hay, and their effect on milk yield. Along with milk yield, the amount of protein and fat in milk was assessed. Feed rations at the VOD Kadov company were compared over the course of four years. Based on documented data from the company VOD Kadov, according to statistical calculations, the influence of rye haying (p 0,05) on increasing milk yield was not confirmed, and no influence on the amount of fat in milk was proven either(p 0,05). The effect of rye silage on the amount of protein in milk was proven by statistical calculation (p 0,05). The results show that feeding high-quality grass forage or high-quality rye forage has no independent effect on milk yield or fat content. Rye haylage is a suitable substitute for grass haylage in the feed ration.
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Vliv onemocnění paznehtů na produkční výkonnost skotu
KLABOUCHOVÁ, Taťána
Hoof disease is one of the most common health disorders of high-producing dairy cows and limits the performance and health status of animals kept in stables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hoof disease and its effect on the milk yield of cows in a specific dairy farm. The work evaluated the effect of the occurrence of dermatitis digitalis (DD) and specific-traumatic inflammation of the hoof (ZŠP) on parameters of milk performance (daily milk yield, fat content, protein content and number of somatic cells in milk) and on the insemination index in the herd of Holstein dairy cows in years 2021 and 2022. The data set from 1,498 dairy cows was used for the evaluation, when 15,245 performance control records were processed. First, the average values of milk yield indicators were compared one month before the diagnosis of the disease and one month after the diagnosis of the disease. In this case, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated only in the number of somatic cells (PSB) in DD, when this indicator rose from the original 275 thousand to 487 thousand somatic cells. Furthermore, indicators of milk yield were evaluated in the month after the finding according to the stage of lactation. Here, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the second stage of lactation (from the 41st to the 100th day) in the fat content of cows with ZŠP, when the fat content in cows without findings was 3.59 % and in cows with ZŠP it dropped to 3.29 %. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was recorded in the fourth stage of lactation (day 201-304 of lactation) in protein content and number of somatic cells. When the highest protein content was recorded in DD - 3.73 %, in cows without hoof disease the protein content was 3.69 % and in cows with ZŠP the protein content dropped to 3.58 %. The number of somatic cells in cows in this stage of lactation was 363 thousand in cows without hoof disease. and for cows with DD it rose to 599 thousand. Furthermore, the effect of hoof disease on the insemination index was assessed. For this indicator, no difference was found between cows without disease and those with hoof disease. However, a clear influence of the insemination technician who performed the insemination was found. When assessing the effect of the disease according to its species, an average insemination index was found for cows with DD of 2.10 and for cows with ZŠP of 2.31. However, the difference was evident only for one insemination technician.
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Složení krmné dávky a vliv na produkci a reprodukci dojnic
MALECHA, Matyáš
This thesis deals with the issue of proper nutrition of dairy cows and its effect on milk production and reproduction. It includes an introduction to cattle breeding, milk yield, digestion and the main reproductive parameters. High dairy cow production and successful reproduction are positively reflected in the economics of each dairy farm. The ration dynamics will be monitored during the progressive inclusion of roughages in the different phases of nutrition and also on the reproductive indicators in the farm under study.
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